ABSTRACT
Background: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its rapid spread may have led to individuals developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress. Under this context, teachers merit more attention as a group with high levels of work stress. The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between PTSD and psychological distress and to explore sleep problems as a possible mediator in the relationship between PTSD and psychological distress, as well as the moderator of internet gaming disorders (IGD) in the relationship between sleep problems and psychological distress. Methods: A total of 11,014 Chinese primary and middle school teachers participated in this study. The survey was conducted online between 25 May and 30 June 2020. Results: PTSD was shown to have both a direct and indirect effect on teachers' psychological distress. The indirect effect was mediated by sleep problems. IGD played a moderating role between sleep problems and psychological distress. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, PTSD has been shown to have had a serious impact on the psychological stress of teachers, which was mediated by sleep problems. In addition, IGD raised the harm brought from sleep problems on teachers' mental health.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still raging worldwide. Efficient, fast and low-cost severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid detection methods are urgently needed. METHODS: A rapid PCR temperature change mode was explored by moving the reaction tube between the independent temperature modules with large temperature differences and a portable ultra-fast real-time PCR instrument were developed. We established a rapid SARS-CoV-2 test method using the ultra-fast real-time PCR instrument, a China Food and Drug Administration-certified SARS-CoV-2 reagent and optimized reaction condition. The analytical and clinical performances of the rapid tests were evaluated by comparing with the standard SARS-CoV-2 tests. RESULTS: The new temperature change mode can effectively shorten the amplification reaction time and be successfully used in the development of the ultra-fast real-time PCR instrument. The rapid SARS-CoV-2 test method was established and the time to yield results were greatly shortened from 81 min of the standard test to 31 min. Specificity of the rapid test was assessed and no non-specific amplification (0/63) was observed. The limits of detection of the rapid and standard tests were similar. Clinical performance was evaluated using 184 respiratory specimens from patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive agreement between the rapid and standard tests was 100% (67/67), the negative agreement was 97.4% (114/117), and the kappa statistic was 0.965 (P<0.001). No significant differences in the Ct values for each target gene were observed between the rapid test and the standard test (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We had developed a 30-minute detection method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid using a novel ultra-fast real-time PCR instrument. The rapid test method may impact on patient management.